Horizontal+Circulation

HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION   **What does the design of horizontal circulation determine?** Horizontal circulation determines the basic shape and character of the entire structure.  **What are the four practical requirements of any horizontal circulation system mentioned in the lecture?**  The first practical requirement of any circulation system is that it be adequate in size. The second requirement in circulation design is that of directness. A good circulation plan should work well in either direction. The third requirement in circulation design is that points of converging traffic must be expressed. The fourth requirement in circulation design is that changes in level must be clearly expressed.  **What are the three examples (names of buildings) mentioned by Prof. Watanabe to illustrate different horizontal circulation patterns?** Pennsylvania Station in New York Centrosoyus building in Moscow Palais de Justice in Paris    **Why is the concept of Horizontal Circulation important in any urban plan or architectural design?** Circulations have an aesthetic value as well as a functional one. Circulations are necessary elements in stablishing the relationships between the parts and the whole, and between the circulation pattern itself and the general sense and form of the entire structure. The architect can make a stucture convenient clear and practical or confuse and inefficient.
 * The design of horizontal circulation frequently determines the basic shape and character of the entire structure.
 * The first practical requirement of any circulation system is that it be adequate in size.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;">The second requirement in circulation design is that of directness.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;">The third requirement in circulation design is that points of converging traffic must be expressed.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> The fourth requirement in circulation design is that changes in level most be clearly express.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;">Circulations have an aesthetic value as well as functional one.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> Give the impression to lead at some defined place;
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> If someone could see ahead,
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> The circulation in inviting you to come and the progression comes easy.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> The easiest type of progression is in straight line, the focal point can serve as sing of the change of direction in the circulation.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> This type permits an order and practical structure.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> The circulation is one of the most important parts of a building, and could bring pattern, unity and clarity.
 * <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #444444; font-family: 'Segoe UI','Lucida Grande',Arial; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; vertical-align: baseline;"> This is a necessary element to establishing the relationship between the spaces and the entire structure.